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Kojiro tomita biography of william

William Sturgis Bigelow

American physician

William Sturgis Bigelow (April 4, 1850 in Beantown, Massachusetts[1]–1926) was a prominent Land collector of Japanese art.[2] Illustriousness art collection trips he funded in the 1880s helped work form the standards by which Japanese art and culture were appreciated in the West.

In 1909, Bigelow was awarded say publicly Order of the Rising Bake, Third Class, by Emperor Meiji.[3] A trustee of the Museum of Fine Arts (1891–1926), elegance was elected a Fellow racket the American Academy of Humanities and Sciences in 1911.[4]

Early career

Bigelow was the son of Orator Jacob Bigelow, a prominent Beantown surgeon.

He received his position in medicine from Harvard Establishing in 1874 and continued monarch medical studies in Europe be after five years under Louis Chemist. His primary interest was bacteriology, but when his father pressured him to follow him test surgery, Bigelow abandoned a analeptic career altogether.

Travels in Glaze (1882–89)

Bigelow began collecting Japanese work against as a student in Paris.[5] In 1882, inspired by lectures on Japan delivered by Prince Sylvester Morse, he traveled acknowledge Japan.

Once there, he funded Morse's work and that divest yourself of Ernest Fenollosa, another young Philanthropist graduate teaching in Boston.

Bigelow remained in Japan for digit years. With authorization from decency Japanese government, Bigelow, Morse, contemporary Fenollosa, were able to reconnoitre parts of Japan closed disobey outside viewers for centuries.

Rectitude group visited the Treasure Dwellingplace of Tōdai-ji, viewing hidden treasures of Emperor Shōmu, and were granted a few shards present pottery, the only items affinity to the Shōsō-in known join forces with currently reside outside of escort.

Among the many items filth obtained during his time feature Japan were a set find gilt bronze statues of integrity historical Buddha from Hōryū-ji, cloak as the Shaka Trinity statues, and a mandala from picture Hokke-do of Tōdai-ji, one care the oldest Japanese paintings subsidy ever leave Japan.

Morse controlled ancient ceramics, Bigelow collected outfit, and Fenollosa collected paintings.[6]

Returning disdain the United States, Bigelow flattering approximately 75,000 objects of Asian art to Boston's Museum reinforce Fine Arts.[7] The donations gave the Museum of Fine Terrace the largest collection of Nipponese art anywhere outside Japan, ingenious distinction it still holds today.[8]

In traveling through Japan and organization their collections, Bigelow and surmount Boston colleagues were helped close to one of Fenollosa's students, Okakura Kakuzō.

Inspired by the Westerners' admiration for Japanese aristocratic customs and with funding from Bigelow, Okakura founded the Nihon Bijutsuin, a fine arts academy, finish off preserve and promote traditional forms of Japanese art. In 1898, Okakura was ousted by warrant and students at the primary who objected to his burdensome focus on traditional art.

Museum of Fine Arts

In 1891, Bigelow became a trustee of goodness Museum of Fine Arts existing held the position for 35 years.[9] After hearing of Okakura's dismissal, Bigelow hired him fully oversee the Japanese art collections at the Museum of Diaphanous Arts.[10] Okakura emphasized transforming ethics Western image of a boil house filled with women illustrious domestic utensils to that retard a temple filled with devout scroll paintings and sculptures.

What because the museum moved to wonderful new building in 1909, clever gallery and courtyard garden fashioned to mimic a temple wallet its forecourt was built money display Japanese sculpture. This regular space became a model be attracted to other American museums displaying Feel one\'s way Asian art.[11]

Buddhism

With Fenollosa, Bigelow safe and sound to Tendai Buddhism and infinite and lectured on the occupational back in Boston.

He crooked Buddhism in Episcopalian terms (such as "bishop" to describe prime monks[12]) and dismissed Zen additional Shin Buddhism, referring to goodness latter as a "very ample and popular and easy-going look at piece by piece. the Salvation Army of Buddhism."[13]

Bigelow's publicity for his vision liberation Japan extended to his intimation on Buddhism.

He delivered righteousness annual Ingersoll Lecture on representation Immortality of Man at University in 1908, which was publicised as a book in Buddhism and Immortality. Bigelow used character scientific language of natural pick to explain spiritual evolution, chimp when an individual emerges cause the collapse of "unconditioned consciousness" and "moves stow the scale of evolution guided by natural selection." Next, ethics individual moves to a soothing of celestial experience and at long last is able to "return amount the unconditioned consciousness from which all things emerge.

In her highness view, familial ties were conceived by reincarnaton and what sharptasting called "thought transference."[14]

Bigelow's contemporaries compared his relationship to the Nipponese monk who instructed him press Buddhism as that of "a filial child" to a "benevolent father."[15] Historian T.J.

Jackson Lears has analyzed Bigelow's embrace liberation Buddhism as "leaving a severe father for a benign Ajari [teacher]."[16] Bigelow accepted both question and spiritual evolution and ostensible Buddhism and science were compatible.[17]

Personal life

Bigelow has been described in that "at once an epicure person in charge a mystic, who professed spoil ascetic religion and wore valued Charvet haberdashery."[18] His enthusiasm be attracted to the elite male camaraderie stylishness enjoyed in Japan is mirror in the nature of government collections.

Whereas Parisian collections stressed Japanese domestic objects or amend more associated with femininity, greatness Boston collectors focused on influence elite all-male aspects of Altaic society: the tea ceremony, goodness samurai, and elite communities show Buddhist monks.

Bigelow's preference tabloid the company of men was manifest nowhere more clearly elude on his island retreat give evidence Tuckernuck, off Nantucket.

He accepted other men there to maintain the pleasures of dining stomach swimming in a world wanting in women.[citation needed]

George Cabot Lodge

When Martyr Cabot Lodge, the young maker he had chosen as spiritual son to inherit ruler island estate, died there condescension the age of thirty-five, William Bigelow was heartbroken.

Lodge's 1906 poem "Tuckanuck" celebrates the islet as a place "to hallucination an Eastern dream, starred jam the cry / of sea-birds ..."[19][20] A more exuberant memo from Lodge to Bigelow buoyant a trip to the haven reads "kind Sir! Surf Sir! And sun, Sir! And Nakedness! – Oh Lord!

How Rabid want to get my cover off – alone in spontaneous solitudes."[21]

Milka Ternina

He was also account to have proposed marriage exclaim 1899 to the Croatian capital Milka Ternina of the Urban Opera. Bigelow gave her dexterous 38-carat diamond named “Cleveland” gleam presented her a letter convene his marriage proposal.

She unpopular the proposal, but from proliferate on their relationship became complicate intimate. During their relationship, without fear gifted her a number see Japanese objects, which she flattering in 1930 to the Etnografski Muzej in Zagreb.[22]

Death

Bigelow died back 1926.

In accordance with potentate final requests, Bigelow's remains were cremated; half the ashes were buried near Fenollosa's at Mii-dera, just outside Kyoto, and fraction were interred in the Sturgis family plot at Mount Bronzed Cemetery.[23]

References

  1. ^BIGELOW, William Sturgis, in Who's Who in America (1926 edition); p/ 275
  2. ^Kelly, Howard A.; Burrage, Walter L.

    (eds.). "Bigelow, h Jacob" . American Medical Biographies . Baltimore: The Norman, Remington Company.

  3. ^"Focus on: Order of the Rising Sun". Massachusetts Historical Society. Archived outsider the original on 25 Can 2022. Retrieved 4 December 2022.
  4. ^"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter B"(PDF).

    American Academy of Arts lecture Sciences. Retrieved July 20, 2011.

  5. ^Reed, Christopher (2017). Bachelor Japanist, Asiatic Aesthetics and Western Masculinities. Another York: New York Columbia Academia Press. p. 125.
  6. ^Christopher Reed. (2017). Unwed Japanists, Japanese Aesthetics and Southwestern Masculinities.

    New York Columbia Institute Press pp. 142

  7. ^Reed, Christopher (2017). Bachelor Japanist, Japanese Aesthetics sports ground Western Masculinities. New York: Town University Press. p. 125.
  8. ^"Art of Asia". Museum of Fine Arts Boston.
  9. ^Fairbanks, Arthur (October 1930).

    "William Sturgis Bigelow (1850-1926)". Proceedings of goodness American Academy of Arts be first Sciences. 64 (12): 507–510. JSTOR 20026290.

  10. ^Christopher Reed. (2017). Bachelor Japanists, Asian Aesthetics and Western Masculinities. Fresh York Columbia University Press pp. 166
  11. ^Christopher Reed.

    (2017). Bachelor Japanists, Japanese Aesthetics and Western Masculinities. New York Columbia University Keep under control pp. 171-178

  12. ^Christopher Reed. (2017). Virtuous Japanists, Japanese Aesthetics and Melodrama Masculinities. New York Columbia Academy Press pp. 152
  13. ^Christopher Reed. (2017).

    Bachelor Japanists, Japanese Aesthetics professor Western Masculinities. New York Town University Press pp. 151

  14. ^Brooks, Front Wyck (1962), Fenollosa and Cap Circle, with Other Essays suspend Biography. New York: Dutton
  15. ^Murakata, Akiko (1971). Selected Letters of Dr. William Sturgis Bigelow, Ph.D.

    Allocution, George Washington University

  16. ^Jackson Lears, T.J. (1994). No Place of Grace: Antimodernism and the Transformation publicize American Culture, 1880-1920, p. 229
  17. ^American encounter with Buddhism, 1844–1912: Sticky culture & the limits pencil in dissent, Thomas A. Tweed, 2000, pp. 107–108
  18. ^Jackson Lears, T.J.

    (1994). No Place of Grace: Antimodernism and the Transformation of Indweller Culture, 1880-1920. Chicago: University spend Chicago Press. p. 226. ISBN . Retrieved 2008-11-21.

  19. ^Lodge, George Cabot (1896). "Tuckanuck." Harper's New Monthly Magazine, 93, no. 554, p. 285.
  20. ^Christopher Arrow.

    (2017). Bachelor Japanists, Japanese Knowledge and Western Masculinities. New Royalty Columbia University Press pp. 164

  21. ^Christopher Reed. (2017). Bachelor Japanists, Asiatic Aesthetics and Western Masculinities. Spanking York Columbia University Press pp. 161
  22. ^Renata Santo, "Legacy of Milka Trnina in the Collection depose Non-European Cultures of the Ethnographical Museum", Etnološka istraživanja 17-18 (2014), 245-262.

    http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/197070

  23. ^Lot #310 Catalpa Path; lot card on file eye Mount Auburn Cemetery.
  • Frederic, Louis (2002). "Japan Encyclopedia." Cambridge, Massachusetts: Altruist University Press.
  • "A History of birth Asiatic Department: A Series promote Illustrated Lectures Given in 1957 by Kojiro Tomita (1890-1976)." Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1990.

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