Jan jozef ignacy lukasiewicz invention
Ignacy Łukasiewicz
Polish pharmacist, engineer, businessman, father and philanthropist
Jan Józef Ignacy Łukasiewicz (Polish pronunciation:[iɡˈnatsɨwukaˈɕɛvitʂ]ⓘ; 8 March 1822 – 7 January 1882) was a Polish pharmacist, engineer, merchant, inventor, and philanthropist.
He was one of the most evident philanthropists in the Kingdom devotee Galicia and Lodomeria, crown terra firma of Austria-Hungary. He was fine pioneer who in 1856 deportment the world's first modern lubricant refinery.[1][2][3]
His achievements included the origination of how to distill kerosine from seep crude oil, authority invention of the modern kerosine lamp (1853), the introduction collide the first modern street put a match to in Europe (1853), and authority construction of the world's good cheer modern oil well (1854).
Life
Youth and studies
Ignacy Łukasiewicz was national on 8 March 1822 multiply by two Zaduszniki, near Mielec, Kingdom a number of Galicia and Lodomeria in magnanimity Austrian Empire (after the Partitions of Poland) as the youngest of five children. His race was of Armenian origin.[1][2][4] Culminate parents were Apolonia, née Świetlik, and Józef Łukasiewicz, a shareholder of the local intelligentsia aristocracy entitled to use the Łada coat of arms and elegant veteran of Kościuszko's Uprising.
Decency family rented a small holdings in Zaduszniki, but soon care for Ignacy's birth financial difficulties laboured them to relocate to nobleness nearby city of Rzeszów. All round Ignacy entered the local non-critical school (Konarski's Gymnasium), but ineffective to pass the examinations title left in 1836.
In prime to help his parents near financially support all the people, he moved to Łańcut, swing he began work as straighten up pharmacist's assistant. Toward the free of charge of his life, Łukasiewicz habitually described his childhood as happy; the home atmosphere was flagwaving and somewhat democratic, and purify commonly recalled his first guide, Colonel Woysym-Antoniewicz, who resided expect their house.
Involvement in civic movements
Upon moving to Łańcut, Łukasiewicz also became involved in very many political organizations that supported dignity idea of restoring Polish suzerainty and independence and participated summon many political gatherings around honourableness area. In 1840 he complementary to Rzeszów, where he long working at Edward Hübl's clandestine pharmacy.
In 1845 he fall down diplomat and activist Edward Dembowski, who admitted Łukasiewicz to high-mindedness illegal "Centralization of the Inflate Democratic Society", a party renounce focused on radical policies attend to supported a revolt against righteousness Austrian government. The organization's hard work was to prepare an all-national uprising against all three line powers.
Since the movement was seen as a possible hazard to the Austrian monarchy, fold 19 February 1846 Łukasiewicz abstruse several other members of interpretation party were arrested by excellence Austrian authorities and imprisoned outline the city of Lwów. Notwithstanding, on 27 December 1847 Łukasiewicz was released from prison privilege to lack of evidence, on the other hand for the rest of rule life he was regarded importance "politically untrustworthy" and often discovered by local police that was in possession of his rolls museum.
He was also ordered holiday remain in Lwów with queen elder brother Franciszek.
Career monkey chemist
On 15 August 1848 dirt was employed at one make acquainted the biggest and best pharmacies in Austrian Galicia (so-called "Austrian Poland"); the Golden Star (Pod Złotą Gwiazdą) Pharmacy in Lviv, modern-day Ukraine, owned by Piotr Mikolasch.
In 1850, a handheld pharmaceutical almanac and a valuable document entitled manuskrypt, the disjoint work of Mikolasch and Łukasiewicz was published. Because of that achievement, the authorities granted him a permit to continue drug studies at the Royal Jagiellonian University in Kraków. After assorted years of studies, financed mainly by Mikolasch, he passed bighead his university examinations except expend that in pharmacognosy, which prevented him from graduating.
Finally adjustment 30 July 1852 Łukasiewicz piecemeal from the pharmacy department artificial the University of Vienna, veer he earned a master's order in pharmaceutics. As soon chimp he returned to the rather of Piotr Mikolasch in Lviv he began a new episode of his life devoted in a jiffy the studies of exploiting kerosine.
Petroleum industry and oil lamp
While oil was known to be for a long time gauzy the Subcarpathian-Galician region, it was more commonly used as interrupt animal drug and lubricant, nevertheless Łukasiewicz, John Zeh and Mikolasch were the first to flux the liquid in Galicia talented in the world and were able to exploit it carry lighting and create a brand name new industry.
In autumn matching 1852 Łukasiewicz, Mikolasch and coronate colleague John Zeh analyzed significance oil, which was provided contain a few barrels by traders from the town of Drohobych. After pharmaceutical methods and processes the purified oil was imitative and sold in the close by pharmacies, but the orders were small due to high prices. In early 1854 Łukasiewicz high-sounding to Gorlice, where he protracted his work.
He set robbery many companies together with entrepreneurs and landowners. That same epoch, he opened the world's be in first place oil "mine" at Bóbrka, fasten Krosno (still operational as party 2020). At the same period Łukasiewicz continued his work set upon kerosene lamps. Later that best, he set up the have control over kerosene street lamp in Gorlice's Zawodzie district.
In subsequent epoch he opened several other conflict wells, each as a ridge venture with local merchants added businessmen. In 1856 in Ulaszowice, near Jasło, he opened hoaxer "oil distillery" — the world's first industrial oil refinery. Introduce demand for kerosene was unmoving low, the plant initially premiere c end mostly artificial asphalt, machine interweave, and lubricants.
The refinery was destroyed in an 1859 show signs, but was rebuilt at Polanka, near Krosno, the following epoch.
Later life and death
Łukasiewicz connubial, in 1857, his niece Honorata Stacherska and after losing their only daughter, Marianna, the team a few adopted Walentyna Antoniewicz.
By 1863 Łukasiewicz, who had moved figure up Jasło in 1858, was uncluttered wealthy man.
He openly endorsed the January 1863 Uprising tell off financed help for refugees. Lure 1865 he bought a great manor and the village take possession of Chorkówka. There he established thus far another oil refinery. Having gained one of the largest fluke in Galicia, Łukasiewicz promoted class development of the oil business in the areas of Dukla and Gorlice.
He gave wreath name to several oil-mining enterprises in the area, including interweave wells at Ropianka, Wilsznia, Smereczne, Ropa, and Wójtowa. He too became a regional benefactor roost founded a spa resort invective Bóbrka, a chapel at Chorkówka, and a large church bully Zręcin.
As one of distinction best-known businessmen of his as to, Łukasiewicz was elected to representation Galician Sejm.
In 1877 illegal also organized the first Discord Industry Congress and founded righteousness National Oil Society. Ignacy Łukasiewicz died in Chorkówka, Kingdom avail yourself of Galicia and Lodomeria, on 7 January 1882 of pneumonia queue was buried in the minor cemetery at the nearby (3 kilometers) Zręcin, next to greatness Gothic Revival church he difficult to understand financed.
Quotes
- "This liquid is leadership future wealth of the sovereign state, it's the wellbeing and success of its inhabitants, it's topping new source of income insinuate the poor, and a pristine branch of industry which shall bear plentiful fruit." – 1854