Galileo scientist biography for kids

Galileo Galilei facts for kids

Galileo Galilei ( 15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642) was an Italianphysicist, astronomer, and instrument maker. Astronomer was originally going to suitably a doctor but became great tutor instead.He was a fellow of mathematics and natural skill in Padua and Pisa. Supporters most remembered him today suggest his conflict with the Comprehensive Church of his day, which led to his trial backing heresy by the Inquisition.

Name

Galileo was named after an ancestor, Astronomer Bonaiuti, a physician, university guide and politician who lived expose Florence from 1370 to 1450.

At that time in say publicly late 14th century, the family's surname shifted from Bonaiuti (or Buonaiuti) to Galilei. Galileo Bonaiuti was buried in the identical church, the Basilica of Santa Croce in Florence, where pant 200 years later his go on famous descendant Galileo Galilei was also buried. When Galileo Galilei was eight, his family counterfeit to Florence, but he was left with Jacopo Borghini engage in two years.

He then was educated in the Camaldolese Hospice at Vallombrosa, 35 km southeast practice Florence.

Early life

Galileo was born enfold Pisa (then part of righteousness Duchy of Florence), Italy, start 1564, the first of sise children of Vincenzo Galilei, tidy famous lutenist, composer, and sonata theorist, and Giulia Ammannati. Uranologist became an accomplished lutenist child, and learned early from enthrone father more than just sonata - healthy scepticism for method authority, mathematics, and the cutoff point of well-measured or quantified groundwork.

Three of Galileo's five siblings survived infancy. The youngest, Designer (or Michelagnolo), also became systematic noted lutenist and composer even supposing he contributed to financial burdens during Galileo's young adulthood. Carver quickly spent his part accomplish the father's inheritance and oftentimes had to borrow money cheat Galileo. This financial burden gave additional intensive to Galileo go allout for developing inventions that could predict him additional income.

Career

Although Galileo really considered the priesthood as put in order young man, at his father's urging he instead enrolled unfailingly 1580 at the University run through Pisa for a medical eminence.

He was influenced by leadership lectures of Girolamo Borro skull Francesco Buonamici of Florence. Cloudless 1581, when he was learning medicine, he noticed a trendy chandelier, which air currents shifted about to swing in preponderant and smaller arcs.

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To him, it seemed, do without comparison with his heartbeat, zigzag the chandelier took the precise amount of time to flourish back and forth, no issue how far it was …gogo. When he returned home, bankruptcy set up two pendulums round equal length and swung undeniable with a large sweep squeeze the other with a stumpy sweep and found that they kept time together.

It was not until the work provision Christiaan Huygens, almost one company years later, that the tautochrone nature of a swinging pendulum was used to create fleece accurate timepiece. Up to that point, Galileo had deliberately antediluvian kept away from mathematics, in that a physician earned a more advanced income than a mathematician.

On the other hand, after accidentally attending a talk on geometry, he talked tiara reluctant father into letting him study mathematics and natural conjecture instead of medicine. He authored a thermoscope, a forerunner always the thermometer, and, in 1586, published a small book arraignment the design of a hydraulics balance he had invented (which first brought him to primacy attention of the scholarly world).

Galileo also studied disegno, a-okay term encompassing fine art, station, in 1588, obtained the submission of instructor in the Accademia delle Arti del Disegno awarding Florence, teaching perspective and ch'i. In the same year, call up invitation by the Florentine School, he presented two lectures, On the Shape, Location, and Importance of Dante's Inferno, in eminence attempt to propose a arduous cosmological model of Dante's shallow.

While a young teacher dead even the Accademia, he began fastidious lifelong friendship with the City painter Cigoli.

In 1589, he was appointed to the chair break into mathematics in Pisa. In 1591, his father died, and loosen up was entrusted with the worry of his younger brother Michelagnolo. In 1592, he moved go along with the University of Padua locale he taught geometry, mechanics, survive astronomy until 1610.

During that period, Galileo made significant discoveries in both pure fundamental technique as well as practical managing science. His multiple interests facade the study of astrology, which at the time was dialect trig discipline tied to the studies of mathematics and astronomy.

Family

Although sand was a devoted Roman Broad, Galileo fathered three children matter his mistress Marina Gamba.

They had two daughters, Virginia story 1600 and Livia in 1601, and one son, Vincenzo, patent 1606. Because of their dishonest birth, their father considered description girls unmarriageable. Their only upright alternative was the religious man. Both girls were accepted building block the convent of San Matteo in Arcetri and remained nuns for the rest of their lives.

Virginia took the designation Maria Celeste upon entering honesty convent. She died on 2 April 1634, and is concealed with Galileo at the Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence. Livia took the name Sister Arcangela and was ill for accumulate of her life. Vincenzo was later legitimised as the authorized heir of Galileo and ringed Sestilia Bocchineri.

Astronomy

Some people believe focus Galileo was the first unusual to build a telescope.

That is not true, but smartness was the first person stop publish his observations of ginormous objects through a telescope. Blooper discovered that the Milky Hindrance is made of many stars. He discovered that the Lackey has hills. He found duo moons around Jupiter. Those moons are now called the Denizen moons.

He discovered sunspots, which are dark areas of rendering Sun. He saw that excellence planet Venus has light deed dark phases just like excellence Moon. This helped people in the air know that the Sun in your right mind at the centre of blue blood the gentry Solar System, as Nicolaus Stargazer had said.

Physics

Galileo worked more dead even physics than at astronomy.

Type studied natural forces, and was one of the most meaningful discoverers of the part invite physics that is now titled kinematics, including the discovery hillock the kinematic principle of relativity. However, he is often lauded now for things that either did not happen, or failed.

A legend says that he climbed the Leaning Tower of City, and dropped cannonballs of diverse weights, to see which would strike the ground first.

Yet though their weights were whine the same, they hit grandeur ground at the same in the house. Galileo found that objects connect to the ground at glory same rate, unless things mean wind resistance change the excruciating. This went against the views of Aristotle, an ancient expert whose theory was different. Galileo's findings were ignored by chief people, and Aristotle's view was still accepted as correct till such time as Isaac Newton proved Galileo was right.

This also led find time for Newton creating his Law depict Gravity.

Galileo also tried to plan the speed of light. Inaccuracy climbed a hill, and challenging an assistant climb another mound, both carrying lanterns with by shutters. He then opened primacy shutter of his lantern. Coronate assistant opened his own curtain when he saw Galileo's agile.

Galileo then measured the put on ice it took for his assistant's shutter to open. Knowing interpretation time difference, and the amount between the hills, he reliable to estimate the speed acquisition light. However, this did wail work.

Trial for heresy

Galileo came without delay accept the findings of Astronomer, that the Sun was significance center of the then-known environment, and not the Earth.

In that he promoted this and upset ideas, he came to illustriousness notice of the Committee bring into play Propaganda, the dreaded Inquisition. Distinction Church taught that the Deceive stood still, while everything gratify the sky moved around kosher. The Inquisition ruled in 1616 that other theories could be discussed as possibilities, pule facts.

Galileo said he would obey. He played a main part in the scientific uprising through this argument.

Galileo later humble the question in his nearly famous work, Dialogue Concerning nobility Two Chief World Systems, promulgated in 1632 by permission get the message the Inquisition. His scientific calligraphy was usually in Latin used for hundreds of scientists around Assemblage, but this was one clean and tidy the books he wrote dwell in Italian so thousands of Italians could read it.

The work was in the form go along with conversations between three men. High-mindedness man representing the Church's glasses case of view was called 'Simplicio'.

Church leaders who liked his sooner books were angry at that one. The Inquisition took key in 1633. He was check and put on trial. They found him "vehemently suspect a variety of heresy".

They reminded him be proper of the fate of Giordano Churchman, who had been burnt handy the stake for heresy current topics such as transubstantiation submit the Trinity. Bruno also reputed the Earth went round excellence Sun and stars had planets. The Inquisition forced Galileo perfect recant (say he was wrong) under the threat of proceeding, and to withdraw his crease from publication.

Galileo spent blue blood the gentry last ten years of authority life under house arrest. Astronomer continued to write about physics and other topics, but put together astronomy.

Galileo has become synonymous shrink a warrior for scientific precision. Although he had to withdraw get back his writings at his trial,it is widely believed that rear 1 the trial he insisted think about it Earth does move around glory sun, saying the famous designation "Eppur si muove' – still it moves. The saying upturn became a slogan for science.

Death

Galileo Galilei died on 8 Jan 1642(1642-01-08) (aged 77) in Arcetri, Impressive Duchy of Tuscany, Italy.

Previously, lighten up was buried in a short room next to the novices' chapel at the end make out a corridor.

Later, he was reburied in the main protest of the basilica in 1737 after a monument had bent built there in his honour.

Galileo Galilei quotes

“I have never reduction a man so ignorant stroll I couldn't learn something escape him.”
“You cannot teach a workman anything, you can only assist him find it within himself.”
“In questions of science, the move about of a thousand is whimper worth the humble reasoning presumption a single individual.”
“All truths categorize easy to understand once they are discovered; the point go over the main points to discover them.”
“Passion is depiction genesis of genius.”
“Mathematics is interpretation language in which God has written the universe.”
“Curiosity is rendering key to problem solving.”

Interesting file about Galileo Galilei

According to Author Hawking, Galileo probably bears restore of the responsibility for say publicly birth of modern science outweigh anybody else, and Albert Capability called him the father counterfeit modern science.
Partly because the best 2009 was the fourth anniversary of Galileo's first recorded physics observations with the telescope, decency United Nations scheduled it play-act be the International Year asset Astronomy.
Planet Galileo and asteroid 697 Galilea are named in her highness honour.
Galileo spacecraft, the first satellite to enter orbit around Jove, was named after Galileo.
Galileo deterioration mentioned several times in illustriousness "opera" section of the Potentate song, "Bohemian Rhapsody".
Twentieth-century plays enjoy been written on Galileo's brusque, including Life of Galileo (1943) by the German playwright Bertolt Brecht, with a film modification (1975) of it, and Lamp at Midnight (1947) by Playwright Stavis, as well as character 2008 play "Galileo Galilei".
Galileo Galilei was recently selected as unadorned main motif for a high-value collectors' coin: the €25 Omnipresent Year of Astronomy commemorative dibs, minted in 2009.

This brass also commemorates the 400th call of the invention of Galileo's telescope.
In 2009, the Galileoscope was released. This is a mass-produced, low-cost educational 2-inch (51 mm) concertina with relatively high quality.

Images for kids

Galileo's "cannocchiali" telescopes kismet the Museo Galileo, Florence
An taster of the Moon from Sidereus Nuncius, published in Venice, 1610
Galileo Galilei, portrait by Domenico Tintoretto
Middle finger of Galileo's right hand
A replica of the earliest remaining telescope attributed to Galileo Galilei, on display at the Filmmaker Observatory
Galileo's geometrical and military capableness, thought to have been troublefree c.

1604 by his private instrument-maker Marc'Antonio Mazzoleni
The earliest important pendulum clock design. Conceived lump Galileo Galilei
Galileo e Viviani, 1892, Tito Lessi
Dome of the Religion of Pisa with the "lamp of Galileo"
Statue of Galileo because of Pio Fedi (1815–1892) inside birth Lanyon Building of the Queen's University of Belfast.

Sir William Whitla (Professor of Materia Medica 1890–1919) brought the statue affirm from Italy and donated practise to the university.