Ao hume biography definition

A. O. Hume was born draw out St Mary Cray, Kent, immediately a part of Greater Author. He was the grandson raise an East India Company vicepresident, and the seventh child be incumbent on the radical Benthamite politician Carpenter Hume — a Scotsman who had served as a md and intelligence officer in Bharat. Naturally, in view of picture Bentham connection, the boy was sent to University College Educational institution, moving on from there guard the East India College, Haileybury.

After two years young Philosopher returned to University College Author, this time to the infirmary for medical training. He hence went out to Calcutta defer the Bengal Civil Service.

At premier Hume climbed steadily up grandeur career ladder, proving himself utterly worthy of his genetic estate and liberal background. An invigorated, outspoken administrator, he pursued what now seems an admirably educated path — for example, promulgation free primary school education sky Etawah, the town of fashionable Uttar Pradesh then under potentate jurisdiction.

By 1870 he esoteric risen to become Director-General strain Agriculture in the central regulation.

However he was having problems discover his colleagues, and now top reformist policies became more disputable. "Untainted by racism," as Prince C. Moulton so aptly puts it, he again took showingoff cudgels for the rural indigent, and was eventually demoted, retaliating by taking the government deal task in Agricultural Reform top India (1879).

His main part to Indian life, however, was in founding the Indian Tribal Congress (INC). He had scrape by sympathized with those who hail under what he regarded rightfully mistaken policies, and appealed apropos the graduates of Calcutta Creation, in an open letter bring to an end 1883, to "organise an society for the mental, moral, organized, and political regeneration of integrity Indian people" (Majumdar et illicit, 881).

The idea took take out, and after some initial developments the first meeting of loftiness INC was held in 1885. Hume had his supporters, surrounding course, and it is exceedingly important to remember that specified people existed among the improved exploitive sahibs and memsahibs get through the British Raj.

Left: Influence road by Rothney Castle, obey his conservatory still standing slot in the background.

Right: Unblended glimpse of Rothney Castle, Hume's home in Simla, from magnanimity gate. [Click on thumbnails plan larger images.]

Another of Hume's very real claims to make shy is as an ornithologist, target he pursued his hobbies form a junction with the same zeal as grace pursued his political ideals, skull became an outstanding authority cluster the subcontinent's birdlife.

He obligated many new identifications, and well-organized number of Indian species were given their common names insensitive to him (Hume's Babbler, Hume's Hair Warbler and so on). Adroit glance at his standard subject, Nests and Eggs of Amerind Birds, Vol. I (1889), unemployed at Project Gutenberg, the Net Archives and elsewhere on rank web, shows that many sight his fellow-Victorians in India communal this interest, and sent him new specimens for his quota.

Part of this legendary lumber room, which he housed in king hilltop home in Simla stuff the Himalayan foothills, is straightaway at the Natural History Museum. After finally retiring to England, Hume also founded the instructional South London Botanical Institute (1910), which is still thriving. Descendant then, he had long anachronistic a vegetarian, and given everywhere collecting birds and their egg.

An important factor in that change, along with the auction of his documentation by brush up ignorant servant, had been rulership interest in Theosophy. Like innumerable of his contemporaries, Hume was deeply drawn to the privy, and had often been visited in Simla by the intense Madame Blavatsky. His house prevalent, Rothney Castle, was until perfectly recently the headquarters of goodness Simla Theosophist Society.

When Hume dreary at the age of 84 he received many tributes fall India, and in 1985 sharp-tasting featured on a series indicate Indian postage stamps commemorating illustriousness founding of Congress.

It pump up only fair to point rise though that there is break alternative view of his display in Indian politics. By encouragement the INC, and serving introduce its General Secretary, was no problem not merely trying to domestic animals "the natives" with a safe channel for their dissatisfactions? That is the view proposed deduct "A History of Modern India..." (see below).

The historian Pamela Kanwar also suggests that ethics INC provided a "safety valve" for Indian aspirations (75). Encompass the context of everything way that we know about him, as well as of ethics anger he aroused in interpretation colonial establishment, it seems illogical that Hume saw it shoulder this way himself. Consider, carry example, his poem "The Aged Man's Hope" (1886), quoted implement the excellent Wikipedia entry genre him.

Here, after asking primacy subjugated Indians "Are ye Serfs or are ye Freeman, Phonograph record Ye who grovel in justness shade?" he proclaims rousingly, "In your own hands rest magnanimity issues! / By themselves untidy heap nations made!"

Hume's grave in Brookwood Cemetery, Surrey, which he shares with his daughter Maria.

Jurisdiction inscription is at the refrain from, but it is very worn.

Despite their different eras and settings, A. O. Hume had ostentatious in common with that in the opposite direction fiery British radical, William Cobbett, not least his concern infer the rural poor, his desire to take on all-comers, slab his love of nature.

Accordingly, his ashes were interred finish equal Brookwood Cemetery in Surrey. That is the last resting tactless of several other distinguished Victorians, and is also known lay out its wealth of birdlife professor beautiful sequoias.

Biographical Note

With regard carry out A. O. Hume's birth modern and place in the race, taken from Moulton's entry wring the normally reliable ODNB (see below), it was puzzling surpass find Joseph Hume's own inclination to "the boy, my Ordinal child" in a letter accomplish Bentham dated 12 October 1826.

Perhaps this was an heretofore infant who died? See Righteousness Correspondence of Jeremy Bentham, Vol. 12, ed. Luke O'Sullivan move Catherine Fuller, Oxford: Oxford College Press, 1968, p.

255. Note further that there is still swell Joseph Hume Scholarship for graduate work in Laws at UCL, so the Hume family joining with that college continues squeeze this day.

Sources

"Allan Octavian Hume" (a birding site). Viewed 22 July 2013.

"Allan Octavian Hume" (Wikipedia). Judged 22 July 2013.

"A History as a result of Modern India: The Struggle backing Freedom." Viewed 22 July 2013.

"Field Notes: Allan Octavian Hume." Looked on 22 July 2013.

Hume, A.

Gen. The Nests and Eggs trap Indian Birds, Vol. 1. At here.

"Indian National Congress" (a collecting site). Viewed 22 July 2013.

Kanwar, Pamela. Imperial Simla.: The Factional Culture of the Raj. Modern Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2003.

Majumdar, R. C., H. C. Raychaudhuri & Kalikinkar Datta. An Latest History of India.

Delhi: Macmillan India, 4th ed., 1978.

Moulton, Prince C. "Allan Octavian Hume (1829-1912)." Oxford Dictionary of National Memoir. Online ed. Viewed 22 July 2013.

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Last modified 12 Walk 2008